There is a huge demand for computers worldwide. This era is almost invisible without computers. Every day I use less and more computers. From the computer past to the present, many things are unknown.
The computer that everyone is using now has not happened since the beginning. There are many years of pursuit behind this.
The computer we use today does not exist. In the beginning, computers meant a set of instruments that were arranged throughout a room. Then we get the computer of today as a crop of tireless work, research, and contribution of thousands of people.
Based on the history of the computer's journey or progress from 1940 to today, scientists have divided it into five generations. Let's know about these generations of computer journeys:
First-generation: Vacuum tubes (1940-1956)
First Generation: The current computer refers to the device, but it is not today. At that time, computer money was like a number of small machines. And a large room was needed to keep that computer. Large vacuum tubes are needed to be used as circuits. Several magnetic drums were used for memory.
Maintaining this computer was also costly because it would require a lot of electrical power to operate the machines. Moreover, this computer was often distorted to generate too much heat.
Computers depended solely on the machine language. The programming language was so basic that it was impossible to provide more than one command or instruction. For this, more than one problem at a given time could not be resolved.
Give the computer operator days, weeks, or even months in some cases to input any new problems. Those inputs were based on punch cards and paper. The printed paper came out to solve the problem.
UNIVAC (Univac) and ENIAC (Eniac) were the two first-generation computers. The US Department began using UNIVAC computers for their calculations. It was the first computer sold commercially.
Second Generation: Transistors (1956-1963)
Second generation:
The second generation of computers consists of transistors throughout. At the end of the first generation, the Bell Labs transistor was invented in 1947. Which became hugely popular at the end of the fifties? At that time, the use of transistors for commercial use instead of vacuum tubes started.
The use of transistors triggers a change in the computer world. The size, volume, speed, price of the computer is always a convenient change. Still, the problem of generating large amounts of heat remained.
Then the sign language was introduced instead of the binary mechanical language. With the introduction of this computer language called an assembly, programmers began to gain a lot of benefit in providing instruction. The initial language programming language COBOL and FORTRAN (FORTRAN) were created to instruct the computer. In the case of computer memory or memory, the use of a magnetic core instead of a magnetic drum is introduced through storage.
Third Generation: Circuits (1964-1971)
Third Generation:
In the third generation, the size and volume of the transistors begin to increase from small to small. Silicon chip is made up of a number of small transistors also known as a semiconductor. The use of this 'collective circuit' completely changes the concept of a computer in terms of speed and efficiency.
Instead of punch cards and paper prints, the world of computers has become an operating system for operating keyboards, monitors and computers. For which it is arranged to run several applications instead of one. There, the operating system could control memory as central management. Compared to the size of the computer, the size of the computer has become much more personal.
Fourth Generation: Microprocessor (1971 - Present)
Fourth Generation:
The history of the fourth generation of computers means the history of modern computers. In the first generation, the larger devices required a cell, instead of a small microprocessor. Which is possible to put in the palm of your hand? One of the biggest breakthroughs of computers comes from the discovery of microprocessors.
This microprocessor is made up of thousands of collective circuits made of a small silicon chip. In 1971, 'Intel 4004 Chip' came to market as a microprocessor. It is possible to control CPU, memory and all inputs and outputs with just one chip.
For which a computer becomes like a television. Then the value of the computer comes in handy, the use of it increases and the capacity of the work is increased thousands of times. The personal computer is a computer made from it.
In 1981, IBM released the first computer in the market for personal use. Two years later, Apple Company came out with Macintosh. Not just desktop computers, microprocessors have begun to be used in almost every device used in everyday life after the microprocessor changes the whole electronics world.
Then the research on the creation of a small volume computer began.
